Ingress protection is the level of protection offered by an electrical enclosure against solids and liquids. Foreign bodies such as water, dust, and moisture can damage electrical components, so a sealed enclosure is built to protect the electronics.
It is very critical for manufacturers to create IP enclosures with higher IP ratings. Moreover, to maintain their efficiency, companies should be IP compliant.
These are international standards of EN 60529 (British BS EN 60529:1992). The IP Code refers to the degree of protection as “IP” followed by two numbers; the first digit shows the extent to which enclosures are protected against particles and from enclosed hazards.
The second digit indicates the scope of protection against water.
IP Ratings & It’s meaning*
- Protection from a large part of the body such as a hand (but no protection from deliberate access); from solid objects greater than 50mm in diameter.
- Protection against fingers or objects not greater than 80mm in length and 12mm in diameter (accidental finger contact).
- Protection from entry by tools, wires, etc., with a diameter of 2.5 mm or more.
- Protection against solid objects larger than 1mm (wires, nails, screws, larger insects, and other potentially invasive small objects such as tools/small, etc.).
- Partial protection against dust that may harm equipment.
- Complete protection against dust and other particulates, including a vacuum seal, tested against continuous airflow.
The second digit (moisture protection)
- Protection against vertically falling droplets, such as condensation, and ensuring that no damage or interrupted functioning of components will be incurred when an item is upright.
- Protection against water droplets deflected up to 15° from vertical.
- Protected against spray up to 60° from vertical.
- Protected against water splashes from all directions. Tested for a minimum of 10 minutes with an oscillating spray (limited ingress permitted with no harmful effects).
- Protection against low-pressure jets (6.3 mm) of directed water from any angle (limited ingress permitted with no harmful effects).
- Protection against direct high-pressure jets.
- Protection against total immersion for up to 30 minutes at depths between 15 cm and 1 meter (limited ingress permitted with no harmful effects).
- Protection against extended immersion under higher pressure (i.e., greater depths).
- (K): Protection against high-pressure, high-temperature jet sprays, wash-downs, or steam-cleaning procedures – this rating is most often seen in specific road vehicle applications (standard ISO 20653:2013 Road Vehicles – Degrees of protection).
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